Publications

@ARTICLE{11006356, author={Moger, Gourav and Kakim, Alibek and Mubarak, Assem and Bushanov, Yersaiyn and Kalimuldina, Gulnur and Yeshmukhametov, Azamat}, journal={IEEE Sensors Journal}, title={Noise-Optimized Signal Processing for TENG-Based Touch Sensing Using I2C Integrated Circuits}, year={2025}, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-1}, keywords={Sensors;Noise;Signal processing;Filtering;Electrodes;Triboelectricity;Tactile sensors;Signal to noise ratio;Mechanical sensors;Etching;I2C protocol;Integrated circuits;Noise filtering;Noise reduction;Sensor optimization;Signal processing;Signal to-Noise Ratio;Touch sensing;Triboelectric nanogenerators}, doi={10.1109/JSEN.2025.3567407}}

@ARTICLE{10843698, author={Balapan, Azat and Yeralkhan, Rauan and Aryslanov, Alikhan and Kalimuldina, Gulnur and Yeshmukhametov, Azamat}, journal={IEEE Access}, title={A Novel Pattern Recognition Method for Self-Powered TENG Sensor Embedded to the Robotic Hand}, year={2025}, volume={13}, number={}, pages={14101-14112}, keywords={Robot sensing systems;Hands;Thumb;Shape;Sensors;Data collection;Tactile sensors;Data visualization;Convolutional neural networks;Carbon;Dataset collection;machine learning;robot hand design;signal processing;TENG sensor}, doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3530465}}

@ARTICLE{Neafie2025152, author = {Neafie, Jessica and Albakassova, Maira and Bayramov, Emil}, title = {Assessing socio-economic and natural vulnerability to oil spills: a case study of Azerbaijan’s Caspian shoreline}, year = {2025}, journal = {International Journal of Water Resources Development}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {152 – 175}, doi = {10.1080/07900627.2024.2434595}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85212235791&doi=10.1080%2f07900627.2024.2434595&partnerID=40&md5=c611e7c16efb441548a4fd839ff05a68}, affiliations = {Political Science and International Relations, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Economics and Business, Central European University, Vienna, Austria; School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Institute of Smart Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ISSAI), Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan}, correspondence_address = {J. Neafie; Political Science and International Relations, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; email: Jessica.neafie@nu.edu.kz}, publisher = {Routledge}, issn = {07900627}, coden = {IJWDD}, language = {English}, abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Water Resour. Dev.}, type = {Article}, publication_stage = {Final}, source = {Scopus}, note = {Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access} }

@ARTICLE{10.3389/feart.2025.1489969, AUTHOR={Shah, Zahid and Bayramov, Emil and Neafie, Jessica and Seltmann, Reimar and Rahnama, Zohreh }, TITLE={Determination of geospatial criteria and prediction of potential areas for porphyry copper deposits in Kazakhstan}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Earth Science}, VOLUME={Volume 13 - 2025}, YEAR={2025}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1489969}, DOI={10.3389/feart.2025.1489969}, ISSN={2296-6463},}

@ARTICLE{Karabay2025, author = {Karabay, Aknur and Varol, Huseyin Atakan and Chan, Mei Yen}, title = {Improved food image recognition by leveraging deep learning and data-driven methods with an application to Central Asian Food Scene}, year = {2025}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-95770-9}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003136951&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-025-95770-9&partnerID=40&md5=d72d8840dd6a35529b82f64cbbada1a8}, affiliations = {Institute of Smart Systems and Artificial Intelligence, Nazarbaeyv University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan}, correspondence_address = {M.Y. Chan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan; email: yen.chan@nu.edu.kz}, publisher = {Nature Research}, issn = {20452322}, pmid = {40269053}, language = {English}, abbrev_source_title = {Sci. Rep.}, type = {Article}, publication_stage = {Final}, source = {Scopus}, note = {Cited by: 0} }

@ARTICLE{Adilmetova2025729, author = {Adilmetova, Gulnoza and Nassyrov, Ruslan and Meyerbekova, Aizhan and Karabay, Aknur and Varol, Huseyin Atakan and Chan, Mei-Yen}, title = {Evaluating ChatGPT's Multilingual Performance in Clinical Nutrition Advice Using Synthetic Medical Text: Insights from Central Asia}, year = {2025}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition}, volume = {155}, number = {3}, pages = {729 – 735}, doi = {10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.018}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215563512&doi=10.1016%2fj.tjnut.2024.12.018&partnerID=40&md5=7b14244f36c7ba33eb47360dddd3a026}, affiliations = {Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Institute of Smart Systems and Artificial Intelligence, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan}, correspondence_address = {M.-Y. Chan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; email: yen.chan@nu.edu.kz}, publisher = {Elsevier B.V.}, issn = {00223166}, coden = {JONUA}, pmid = {39732434}, language = {English}, abbrev_source_title = {J. Nutr.}, type = {Article}, publication_stage = {Final}, source = {Scopus}, note = {Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access} }

@ARTICLE{10976640, author={Keutayeva, Aigerim and Jesse Nwachukwu, China and Alaran, Muslim and Otarbay, Zhenis and Abibullaev, Berdakh}, journal={IEEE Access}, title={Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces}, year={2025}, volume={13}, number={}, pages={74944-74966}, keywords={Visualization;Electroencephalography;Systematic literature review;Signal processing;Reliability;Video games;Brain-computer interfaces;Fatigue;Internet;Training;Brain-computer interfaces;visual evoked potentials;signal processing;neurotechnology;gaming accessibility;electroencephalography;virtual reality;augmented reality;machine learning;neurorehabilitation}, doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3564328}}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202401282, author = {Issabek, Moldir and Oralkhan, Sabyrzhan and Anash, Adeliya and Nurbergenova, Nuriya and Balapan, Azat and Yeshmukhametov, Azamat and Rakhmanov, Yeltay and Kalimuldina, Gulnur}, title = {AI-Enhanced Gait Analysis Insole with Self-Powered Triboelectric Sensors for Flatfoot Condition Detection}, journal = {Advanced Materials Technologies}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {2401282}, keywords = {flatfoot detection, gait analysis, machine learning, smart sensing insole, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202401282}, url = {https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/admt.202401282}, eprint = {https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/admt.202401282}, abstract = {Abstract Flatfoot is an orthopedic malformation where the inner foot arch flattens during motion, potentially leading to chronic musculoskeletal issues. Monitoring foot conditions is essential, as existing screening methods often need more objectivity and cost-effectiveness. This research develops an insole-based screening device using self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as tactile sensors and Arduino hardware setup. TENG converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, offering simple fabrication, cost-effectiveness, longevity, and high-output power benefits. The device records the electrical output generated by foot movements via Arduino and sends data via Bluetooth to the processing tool. Machine learning algorithms employing the Random Forest Classifier process the data to detect flatfoot conditions accurately after training sessions. For data collection, 100 participants are asked to march and walk for the same duration and distance, ensuring consistent output. Analysis reveals that the insoles' middle sensors produce higher electricity levels in individuals with flatfoot, showing a uniform pressure distribution across the foot and contact in the arch area. In contrast, individuals with normal feet exert more pressure on the toe and heel foot areas. The system achieves an overall accuracy of 82\%, demonstrating the insole's potential as a commercial flatfoot detection device.}, year = {2025} }

@ARTICLE{10751786, author={Chibar, Rustam and Kostyukova, Valeriya and Khajikhanov, Soibkhon and Kenzhebek, Daryn and Zhakatayev, Altay and Orazbayev, Bakhtiyar and Kappassov, Zhanat}, journal={IEEE Sensors Journal}, title={Honeycomb-Inspired Metamaterial for Tactile Sensors With Variable Stiffness}, year={2025}, volume={25}, number={1}, pages={577-586}, keywords={Sensors;Robot sensing systems;Collision avoidance;Robots;Metamaterials;Tactile sensors;Dynamics;Honeycomb structures;Force;Magnetic materials;Collision detection;compliance and impedance control;force and tactile sensing;honeycombs;nonlinear stiffness;physical interactions;potential energy storage;tactile sensors;variable stiffness}, doi={10.1109/JSEN.2024.3492498}}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12808, author = {Mubarak, Assem and Sarsembayev, Bayandy and Serik, Yerzhigit and Onabek, Abdirakhman and Kappassov, Zhanat and Bakenov, Zhumabay and Tsuchiya, Kazuyoshi and Kalimuldina, Gulnur}, title = {Quenched PVDF/PMMA Porous Matrix for Triboelectric Energy Harvesting and Sensing}, journal = {ENERGY \& ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {e12808}, keywords = {N,N′-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), robotic tactile sensors, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), quenching, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12808}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eem2.12808}, eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eem2.12808}, abstract = {The rapid development of nanotechnology has significantly revolutionized wearable electronics and expanded their functionality. Through introducing innovative solutions for energy harvesting and autonomous sensing, this research presents a cost-effective strategy to enhance the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The TENG was fabricated from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N, N′-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend with a porous structure via a novel optimized quenching method. The developed approach results in a high β-phase content (85.7\%) PVDF/3wt.\%PMMA porous blend, known for its superior piezoelectric properties. PVDF/3wt.\%PMMA modified porous TENG demonstrates remarkable electrical output, with a dielectric constant of 40 and an open-circuit voltage of approximately 600 V. The porous matrix notably increases durability, enduring over 36 000 operational cycles without performance degradation. Moreover, practical applications were explored in this research, including powering LEDs and pacemakers with a maximum power output of 750 mW m−2. Also, TENG served as a self-powered tactile sensor for robotic applications in various temperature conditions. The work highlights the potential of the PVDF/PMMA porous blend to utilize the next-generation self-powered sensors and power small electronic devices.}, year = {2025} }

@ARTICLE{11020744, author={Kuzdeuov, Askat and Zakaryanov, Miras and Tleuliyev, Alim and Varol, Huseyin Atakan}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science}, title={OpenThermalPose2: Extending the Open-Source Annotated Thermal Human Pose Dataset With More Data, Subjects, and Poses}, year={2025}, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-1}, keywords={Cameras;Training;Annotations;Lighting;Image resolution;Pose estimation;Accuracy;Testing;Indoor environment;Biological system modeling;Thermal human pose estimation;thermal human pose dataset;YOLOv8-pose;YOLO11-pose}, doi={10.1109/TBIOM.2025.3575499}}

@INPROCEEDINGS{10463430, author={Kuzdeuov, Askat and Mukayev, Olzhas and Nurgaliyev, Shakhizat and Kunbolsyn, Alisher and Varol, Huseyin Atakan}, booktitle={2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)}, title={ChatGPT for Visually Impaired and Blind}, year={2024}, volume={}, number={}, pages={722-727}, keywords={Voice activity detection;Visualization;Source coding;Oral communication;Blindness;User interfaces;Chatbots}, doi={10.1109/ICAIIC60209.2024.10463430}}

@ARTICLE{10509679, author={Keutayeva, Aigerim and Abibullaev, Berdakh}, journal={IEEE Access}, title={Data Constraints and Performance Optimization for Transformer-Based Models in EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Survey}, year={2024}, volume={12}, number={}, pages={62628-62647}, keywords={Brain modeling;Electroencephalography;Transformers;Data models;Decoding;Task analysis;Training;Brain-computer interfaces;data scarcity;survey;deep learning;transformer;EEG;self-attention mechanism;motor imagery;BCI}, doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3394696}}

@ARTICLE{10697322, author={Moger, Gourav and Varol, Huseyin Atakan}, journal={IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics}, title={Design and Implementation of a Mobile Robot With Variable-Diameter Wheels}, year={2024}, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-10}, keywords={Wheels;Robots;Gears;Legged locomotion;Robot kinematics;Kinematics;Motors;Thermal stability;Deformation;Complexity theory;Hybrid wheeled mobile robots (WMRs);kinematic modeling;variable-diameter wheels}, doi={10.1109/TMECH.2024.3457011}}

@inproceedings{maxutov-etal-2024-llms, title = "Do {LLM}s Speak {K}azakh? A Pilot Evaluation of Seven Models", author = "Maxutov, Akylbek and Myrzakhmet, Ayan and Braslavski, Pavel", editor = {Ataman, Duygu and Derin, Mehmet Oguz and Ivanova, Sardana and K{\"o}ksal, Abdullatif and S{\"a}lev{\"a}, Jonne and Zeyrek, Deniz}, booktitle = "Proceedings of the First Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Turkic Languages (SIGTURK 2024)", month = aug, year = "2024", address = "Bangkok, Thailand and Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.sigturk-1.8", pages = "81--91", abstract = "We conducted a systematic evaluation of seven large language models (LLMs) on tasks in Kazakh, a Turkic language spoken by approximately 13 million native speakers in Kazakhstan and abroad. We used six datasets corresponding to different tasks {--} questions answering, causal reasoning, middle school math problems, machine translation, and spelling correction. Three of the datasets were prepared for this study. As expected, the quality of the LLMs on the Kazakh tasks is lower than on the parallel English tasks. GPT-4 shows the best results, followed by Gemini and . In general, LLMs perform better on classification tasks and struggle with generative tasks. Our results provide valuable insights into the applicability of currently available LLMs for Kazakh. We made the data collected for this study publicly available: https://github.com/akylbekmaxutov/LLM-eval-using-Kazakh.", }

@Article{buildings14040935, AUTHOR = {Karaca, Ferhat and Tleuken, Aidana and Pineda-Martos, Rocío and Ros Cardoso, Sara and Orel, Daniil and Askar, Rand and Agibayeva, Akmaral and Güemez, Elena Goicolea and Salles, Adriana and Varol, Huseyin Atakan and Braganca, Luis}, TITLE = {Cultivating Sustainable Construction: Stakeholder Insights Driving Circular Economy Innovation for Inclusive Resource Equity}, JOURNAL = {Buildings}, VOLUME = {14}, YEAR = {2024}, NUMBER = {4}, ARTICLE-NUMBER = {935}, URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/4/935}, ISSN = {2075-5309}, ABSTRACT = {Due to its intricate production processes, complex supply chains, and industry-specific characteristics, the construction industry faces unique challenges in adopting circular economy (CE) principles that promote resource equity. To address this issue, this study aims to delve into identifying stakeholders’ opinions and perceptions regarding key CE strategies across different stages of the building life cycle (BLC). Both European and non-European stakeholders within the “CircularB” COST Action network and beyond participated in this research. Three methods were employed to assess stakeholders’ opinions: an online survey, a structured survey with a semi-guided workshop, and creative thinking round table discussions. Natural language processing (NLP), specifically topic modelling and sentiment analysis, was used to analyse the data collected from the online survey, which gathered text-based opinions from 209 participants on the cost-benefit aspects of circularity strategies. The structured survey, which collected data from 43 workshop participants, evaluated the perceived importance of CE strategies across various BLC phases and assessed the adoption of selected CE strategies in current or past projects. Finally, the Six Thinking Hats® activity, employed in the round table discussions, generated ideas from 25 professionals regarding the broader implementation challenges and opportunities of CE in construction. The research findings highlight the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice by fostering active industry stakeholder involvement in the transition to a CE model. The analyses of the collected stakeholder opinions through the three activities contribute to proactive and collaborative efforts aimed at advancing resource equity in the construction sector and promoting just and inclusive resource use. In summary, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of stakeholders’ opinions on CE strategies and provides guidance for the development of targeted policies and strategies to accelerate the integration of CE principles in the construction industry.}, DOI = {10.3390/buildings14040935} }

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12808, author = {Mubarak, Assem and Sarsembayev, Bayandy and Serik, Yerzhigit and Onabek, Abdirakhman and Kappassov, Zhanat and Bakenov, Zhumabay and Tsuchiya, Kazuyoshi and Kalimuldina, Gulnur}, title = {Quenched PVDF/PMMA Porous Matrix for Triboelectric Energy Harvesting and Sensing}, journal = {ENERGY \& ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS}, volume = {n/a}, number = {n/a}, pages = {e12808}, keywords = {N,N′-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), robotic tactile sensors, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), quenching, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12808}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eem2.12808}, eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eem2.12808}, note = {e12808 EEM-2024-0184.R1}, abstract = {The rapid development of nanotechnology has significantly revolutionized wearable electronics and expanded their functionality. Through introducing innovative solutions for energy harvesting and autonomous sensing, this research presents a cost-effective strategy to enhance the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The TENG was fabricated from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N, N′-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend with a porous structure via a novel optimized quenching method. The developed approach results in a high β-phase content (85.7\%) PVDF/3wt.\%PMMA porous blend, known for its superior piezoelectric properties. PVDF/3wt.\%PMMA modified porous TENG demonstrates remarkable electrical output, with a dielectric constant of 40 and an open-circuit voltage of approximately 600 V. The porous matrix notably increases durability, enduring over 36 000 operational cycles without performance degradation. Moreover, practical applications were explored in this research, including powering LEDs and pacemakers with a maximum power output of 750 mW m−2. Also, TENG served as a self-powered tactile sensor for robotic applications in various temperature conditions. The work highlights the potential of the PVDF/PMMA porous blend to utilize the next-generation self-powered sensors and power small electronic devices.}}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13502, author = {Tleuken, Aidana and Orel, Daniil and Iskakova, Anel and Varol, Huseyin Atakan and Karaca, Ferhat}, title = {Exploring stakeholders’ opinions on circular economy in the construction sector: A natural language processing analysis of social media discourse}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, volume = {n/a}, number = {n/a}, pages = {}, keywords = {circular economy, construction sector, industrial ecology, sentiment analysis, sustainable buildings, topic modeling}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13502}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.13502}, eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jiec.13502}, abstract = {Abstract The construction industry has been criticized for its negative environmental impacts, leading industry experts to advocate for a shift toward a circular economy (CE) model. However, there is a lack of research on stakeholder opinions regarding that. This research paper examines stakeholders’ perspectives on implementing CE principles in the construction industry by conducting artificial intelligence-powered natural language processing (NLP) through online sources. It answers three questions: What themes and concepts are associated with the CE in construction? How do opinions on the CE vary across different online platforms? And what factors shape positive attitudes toward the CE? The data obtained from various platforms showed that 57\% of sentiments were positive, 28\% were neutral, and 15\% were negative. This research provides critical knowledge on the analysis of CE representation on social media in construction. Moreover, a webpage tool has been created that can assess any input opinion on the scale (positive, neutral, or negative) for further use (https://ce-sentiment.streamlit.app/). This NLP-based research of social media discourse in the construction sector can directly influence policy decisions by offering real-time insights into public sentiment and preferences, shaping regulations that align with societal needs. It also provides industry professionals with data-driven guidance, enabling them to identify growth opportunities and innovation pathways within the CE, ultimately fostering a more sustainable and prosperous future.} }

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_31, author="Karaca, Ferhat and Tleuken, Aidana and Pineda-Martos, Roc{\'i}o and Cardoso, Sara Ros and Askar, Rand and Salles, Adriana and G{\"u}emez, Elena Goicolea and Agibayeva, Akmaral and Varol, Huseyin Atakan and Braganca, Luis", editor="Ungureanu, Viorel and Bragan{\c{c}}a, Lu{\'i}s and Baniotopoulos, Charalambos and Abdalla, Khairedin M.", title="Analysing Stakeholder Opinions Within the COST Action CA21103 CircularB and Beyond: Circular Economy Implementation in Construction", booktitle="4th International Conference ``Coordinating Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience'' {\&} Midterm Conference of CircularB ``Implementation of Circular Economy in the Built Environment''", year="2024", publisher="Springer Nature Switzerland", address="Cham", pages="335--345", abstract="This study examines the importance and adoption of circular economy (CE) principles within the construction industry by focusing on stakeholders' opinions on key CE strategies across different building life cycle stages. The study draws insights from the perceptions of European-based stakeholders who actively participated in the CircularB Workshop 1 Part 2, entitled Creating a Roadmap towards Circularity in the Built Environment - State-of-the-Art. The research comprises two parts. In the first part, a structured survey was employed to systematically collect opinions on the levels of awareness and variations among the adoption and importance of selected CE implementation strategies within the construction sector. The second part engaged stakeholders in a dynamic creative thinking activity, posing seven targeted questions allowing participants to offer multiple answers for each query. Overall, the study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in fostering CE within the construction domain by highlighting the significance of recognising and addressing systemic barriers within the CE framework, the importance of product design for disassembly, and the efficient production of reusable and recyclable materials. Furthermore, it emphasises the necessity to motivate industry stakeholders to participate actively in the transition to a CE, bridging the gap between theory and practice frameworks and increasing the engagement of policymakers and governments.", isbn="978-3-031-57800-7" }

@ARTICLE{10595079, author={Abdrakhmanova, Madina and Yermekova, Assel and Barko, Yuliya and Ryspayev, Vladislav and Jumadildayev, Medet and Varol, Huseyin Atakan}, journal={IEEE Access}, title={One Model to Rule Them all: A Universal Transformer for Biometric Matching}, year={2024}, volume={12}, number={}, pages={96729-96739}, keywords={Transformers;Vectors;Feature extraction;Visualization;Speech recognition;Biological system modeling;Task analysis;Biometrics (access control);Biometric matching;cross-modal matching;face verification;face-audio association;metric learning;multimodal verification;speaker verification;transformer}, doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3426602}}