Fabrication – oriented direction that focuses on a general use of transparent silicone and image cameras connected via plastic optical fibers in detecting physical contacts between the robot end-effectors and the environment. First approach used reflection, which was created using the magnetron spattering method, Color-Coded tactile sensor ICRA2019 and the second method was based on detecting changes of color due to mechanical shear and strain Shear and Protrusion Sensor (RA-L with ICRA2020).
